SevinHub free tool · Daily crawl 2026-10-04

Web crawlers /[•]\

Today's crawl: Pennsylvania State Capitol, Wikipedia's featured article for 4 October 2026. A new article every day.

A spider is reading the references of today's featured Wikipedia article, then the Spider article. Its eight legs grip real words and links, and every word it touches glitches for a moment. Tap or click anywhere to send it there. Press Zen for a fullscreen crawl with sound, made for a second monitor or a quiet room.

Z zenM soundSpace pauseF follow pointer+ − sizeE effectsT your textR repair

Release it on any website

Drag the button to your bookmarks bar, open any page, then click the bookmark. The spider crawls that page and puts every word back when you press Recall. On a phone, copy the code, save any page as a bookmark, and paste the code as its address. Sites with a strict security policy, such as GitHub and Wikipedia, block bookmarklets.

Web crawler /[•]\

Inspired by @rybinfx's clip “Web crawlers /[•]\ #js x #css” (X, 1 Oct 2026). The spider, its sound and this page are original SevinHub code. Reference text from Wikipedia: Spider and Arachne, CC BY-SA 4.0. Made by the people behind Invisible Atlas, a free Android app that maps the signals around you.

Pennsylvania State CapitolToday's crawl · 4 October 2026

The Pennsylvania State Capitol is the seat of government for the U.S. state of Pennsylvania located in downtown Harrisburg. The building was designed by architect Joseph Miller Huston in 1902 and completed in 1906 in a Beaux-Arts style with decorative Renaissance themes throughout. The capitol houses the legislative chambers for the Pennsylvania General Assembly, made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate, and the Harrisburg chambers for the Supreme and Superior Courts of Pennsylvania, as well as the offices of the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor. It is also the main building of the Pennsylvania State Capitol Complex.

  1. "Pennsylvania SP State Capitol Building, Pennsylvania". National Register of Historic Places and National Historic Landmarks Program Records. National Archives and Records Administration. NAID 71995785. Retrieved August 26, 2026.
  2. "Weekly List" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 5, 2013. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
  3. Hubbert-Kemper & Wilson 2006, p. 23.
  4. Hubbert-Kemper & Wilson 2006, p. 25.
  5. Inglewood 1925, p. 37.
  6. Hubbert-Kemper & Wilson 2006, p. 31.
  7. Colson 1906, pp. 26–27.
  8. Inglewood 1925, p. 45.
  9. Hitchcock & Seale 1976, p. 60.
  10. Hubbert-Kemper & Wilson 2006, p. 39.
  11. Hubbert-Kemper & Wilson 2006, p. 49.
  12. Hubbert-Kemper & Wilson 2006, p. 64.
  13. Schehr 2006, p. xiii.
  14. Hubbert-Kemper & Wilson 2006, p. 73.
  15. Hubbert-Kemper & Wilson 2006, p. 71.
  16. Hubbert-Kemper & Wilson 2006, p. 83.
  17. Hubbert-Kemper & Wilson 2006, p. 88.
  18. "Art Notes" (PDF). The New York Times. February 10, 1902. p. 5. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
  19. Hubbert-Kemper & Wilson 2006, pp. 90–91.
  20. Ellis & McClintic-Smith 2010, p. 31.
  21. Schehr 2006, p. xvii.
  22. Hubbert-Kemper & Wilson 2006, p. 125.
  23. Ellis & McClintic-Smith 2010, p. 33.
  24. Ellis & McClintic-Smith 2010, p. 34.
  25. Pennypacker 1911, p. 36.
  26. Hubbert-Kemper & Wilson 2006, pp. 171, 174.
  27. Pennypacker 1911, pp. 39–40.
  28. "$125 Bootblack Stand for $1,919". The New York Times. March 26, 1907. p. 3.
  29. Pennypacker 1911, p. 31.
  30. "Huston goes to prison" (PDF). The New York Times. May 24, 1911. p. 1. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
  31. "Graft sentences upheld" (PDF). The New York Times. March 8, 1910. p. 2. Retrieved November 18, 2009.
  32. Inglewood 1925, p. 46.
  33. Price 1923, pp. 289, 291.
  34. Ellis & McClintic-Smith 2010, p. 15.
  35. Ellis & McClintic-Smith 2010, p. 14.
  36. Ellis & McClintic-Smith 2010, p. 21.
  37. "PHMC Historical Markers Search" (Searchable database). Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
  38. Dunlevey 1973, sec. 12.
  39. Act of December 20, 1982 (P.L. 1442, No. 327)
  40. Hubbert-Kemper & Wilson 2006, p. 305.
  41. Hubbert-Kemper & Wilson 2006, pp. 306, 209.
  42. Hubbert-Kemper & Wilson 2006, p. 331.
  43. Hubbert-Kemper & Wilson 2006, p. 332.
  44. Ellis & McClintic-Smith 2010, p. 42.
  45. Ellis & McClintic-Smith 2010, p. 4.
  46. Murphy, Jan (May 9, 2022). "'It's like night and day': Last piece of Pa. Capitol restoration project completed for $2.2 million". The Patriot-News. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Retrieved August 26, 2026.
  47. Caffin 1906, pp. 13, 16.
  48. "Annual Report" 2001, p. 17.
  49. Boyer, Lauren (July 23, 2009). "Faces of scandal greet Capitol visitors in Harrisburg". Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved September 21, 2026.
  50. Dickson 1959, p. 133.
  51. Dickson 1959, pp. 141–142.
  52. "Women in fight to see nude art". The Chicago Daily Tribune. May 15, 1911. p. 2.
  53. Dickson 1959, p. 142.
  54. Ellis & McClintic-Smith 2010, p. 17.
  55. Ellis & McClintic-Smith 2010, p. 35.
  56. Caffin 1906, pp. 8–9.
  57. "Annual Report" 2001, p. 21.
  58. Caffin 1906, pp. 31 32.
  59. Ellis & McClintic-Smith 2010, p. 8.
  60. "William Brantley Van Ingen". Pennsylvania Capitol Preservation Committee. Retrieved August 26, 2026.
  61. "The Capitol" 2007, p. 20.
  62. "The Capitol" 2007, p. 19.
  63. Ellis & McClintic-Smith 2010, p. 10.
  64. Ellis & McClintic-Smith 2010, p. 11.
  65. "The Capitol" 2007, p. 36.
  66. Schehr 2006, p. 4-59.
  67. Act of June 22, 1999 (P.L. 113, No. 16)
  68. Ellis & McClintic-Smith 2010, p. 18.
  69. Act of December 30, 2002 (P.L. 2088, No. 236)
  70. Goldberger, Paul (October 8, 1989). "Architecture View; A Bit of Old Athens on the Susquehanna". The New York Times. pp. H37, H40. Retrieved September 21, 2026.

ReferencesSpider

  1. "World Spider Catalog Version 26". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 23 January 2026.
  2. Cushing, P.E. (2008). "Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae)". In Capinera, J.L. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer. p. 3496. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4320. ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1.
  3. Selden, P.A. & Shear, W.A. (December 2008). "Fossil evidence for the origin of spider spinnerets". PNAS. 105 (52): 20781–85. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10520781S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0809174106. PMC 2634869. PMID 19104044.
  4. Sebastin, P.A.; Peter, K.V., eds. (2009). Spiders of India. Universities Press/Orient Blackswan. ISBN 978-81-7371-641-6.
  5. Dimitrov, Dimitar; Hormiga, Gustavo (7 January 2021). "Spider Diversification Through Space and Time". Annual Review of Entomology. 66 (1): 225–241. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-061520-083414. ISSN 0066-4170. PMID 32822555. S2CID 221235817.
  6. Foelix, Rainer F. (1996). Biology of Spiders. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-19-509593-7.
  7. Shultz, Stanley; Shultz, Marguerite (2009). The Tarantula Keeper's Guide. Hauppauge, New York: Barron's. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-7641-3885-0.
  8. Meehan, Christopher J.; Olson, Eric J.; Reudink, Matthew W.; Kyser, T. Kurt; Curry, Robert L. (2009). "Herbivory in a Spider Through Exploitation of an Ant–Plant Mutualism". Current Biology. 19 (19): R892–93. Bibcode:2009CBio...19.R892M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.08.049. PMID 19825348. S2CID 27885893.
  9. Nyffeler, Martin; Birkhofer, Klaus (14 March 2017). "An Estimated 400–800 Million Tons of Prey Are Annually Killed by the Global Spider Community". The Science of Nature. 104 (30): 30. Bibcode:2017SciNa.104...30N. doi:10.1007/s00114-017-1440-1. PMC 5348567. PMID 28289774.
  10. "Spider | Origin and meaning of spider by Online Etymology Dictionary".
  11. Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 554–55
  12. Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 518–22
  13. Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 571–84
  14. Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 559–64
  15. Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 565–69
  16. Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 527–28
  17. Coddington, J.A. & Levi, H.W. (1991). "Systematics and Evolution of Spiders (Araneae)". Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 22 (1): 565–92. Bibcode:1991AnRES..22..565C. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.22.110191.003025.
  18. Barghusen, L.E.; Claussen, D.L.; Anderson, M.S.; Bailer, A.J. (1 February 1997). "The effects of temperature on the web-building behaviour of the common house spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum". Functional Ecology. 11 (1): 4–10. Bibcode:1997FuEco..11....4B. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2435.1997.00040.x.
  19. "Spiders-Arañas – Dr. Sam Thelin". Drsamchapala.com. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  20. Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 529–30
  21. Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 531–32
  22. Harland, D.P. & Jackson, R.R. (2000). ""Eight-legged cats" and how they see – a review of recent research on jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)" (PDF). Cimbebasia. 16: 231–40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2006. Retrieved 11 October 2008.
  23. Wilcox, R. Stimson; Jackson, Robert R. (1998). "Cognitive Abilities of Araneophagic Jumping Spiders". In Balda, Russell P.; Pepperberg, Irene M.; Kamil, Alan C. (eds.). Animal cognition in nature: the convergence of psychology and biology in laboratory and field. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-077030-4. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  24. Mason, Betsy (28 October 2021). "Spiders are much smarter than you think". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-102821-1. S2CID 240206876. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  25. Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 532–37
  26. Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 578–80
  27. Barth, Friedrich G. (2013). A Spider's World: Senses and Behavior. Springer. ISBN 978-3-662-04899-3.
  28. Land, Michael F.; Nilsson, Dan-Eric (2009). Animal eyes (Repr. with corr ed.). New York: Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-19-857564-1. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
  29. Richman, David B.; Jackson, Robert R. (January 1992). "A review of the ethology of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae)". Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society. 9 (2): 33–37. Retrieved 28 November 2024.
  30. Deeleman-Reinhold 2001, p. 27
  31. Brescovit, Antonio D.; Sánchez-Ruiz, Alexander (6 October 2016). "Descriptions of two new genera of the spider family Caponiidae (Arachnida, Araneae) and an update of Tisentnops and Taintnops from Brazil and Chile". ZooKeys (622): 47–84. Bibcode:2016ZooK..622...47B. doi:10.3897/zookeys.622.8682. ISSN 1313-2989. PMC 5096409. PMID 27843380.
  32. Framenau, Volker W.; Lehtinen, Pekka T. (7 October 2015). "Nukuhiva Berland, 1935 is a troglobitic wolf spider (Araneae: Lycosidae), not a nursery-web spider (Pisauridae)". Zootaxa. 4028 (1): 129–135. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4028.1.6. PMID 26624300.
  33. Bloom, Trevor; Binford, Greta; A. Esposito, Lauren; Garcia, Giraldo Alayón; Peterson, Ian; Nishida, Alex; Loubet-Senear, Katy; Agnarsson, Ingi (August 2014). "Discovery of two new species of eyeless spiders within a single Hispaniola cave". Journal of Arachnology. 42 (2): 148–154. doi:10.1636/K13-84.1.
  34. Foelix, Rainer F. (2011). Biology of Spiders (3rd p/b ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 100–01. ISBN 978-0-19-973482-5.
  35. 'Vampire' spiders use blood as perfume | CBC News – CBC.ca
  36. Zhou, J., Lai, J., Menda, G., Stafstrom, J.A., Miles, C.I., Hoy, R.R. and Miles, R.N., 2022. Outsourced hearing in an orb-weaving spider that uses its web as an auditory sensor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(14), p.e2122789119.
  37. Barnes, R.S.K.; Calow, P.; Olive, P.; Golding, D.; Spicer, J. (2001). "Invertebrates with Legs: the Arthropods and Similar Groups". The Invertebrates: A Synthesis. Blackwell Publishing. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-632-04761-1.
  38. Weihmann, Tom; Günther, Michael; Blickhan, Reinhard (15 February 2012). "Hydraulic Leg Extension Is Not Necessarily the Main Drive in Large Spiders". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 215 (4): 578–83. Bibcode:2012JExpB.215..578W. doi:10.1242/jeb.054585. ISSN 0022-0949. PMID 22279064.
  39. Parry, D.A. & Brown, R.H.J. (1959). "The Hydraulic Mechanism of the Spider Leg" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Biology. 36 (2): 423–33. Bibcode:1959JExpB..36..423P. doi:10.1242/jeb.36.2.423.
  40. Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 325–49
  41. Suter, R. B.; Stratton, G. E. (2009). "Spitting Performance Parameters and Their Biomechanical Implications in the Spitting Spider, Scytodes thoracica". Journal of Insect Science. 9 (62): 1–15. doi:10.1673/031.009.6201. PMC 3011943. PMID 20050781.
  42. Vollrath, F. & Knight, D.P. (2001). "Liquid crystalline spinning of spider silk". Nature. 410 (6828): 541–48. Bibcode:2001Natur.410..541V. doi:10.1038/35069000. PMID 11279484. S2CID 205015549.
  43. Ruppert, Fox & Barnes 2004, pp. 537–39
  44. Foelix, Rainer F. (2011). Biology of Spiders (3rd p/b ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973482-5.
  45. Suzuki, Hirohumi (1995). "Fertilization occurs internally in the spider Achaearanea tepidariorum (C. Koch)". Invertebrate Reproduction & Development. 28 (3): 211–214. Bibcode:1995InvRD..28..211S. doi:10.1080/07924259.1995.9672484.
  46. Complex Genital System of a Haplogyne Spider (Arachnida, Araneae, Tetrablemmidae) Indicates Internal Fertilization and Full Female Control Over Transferred Sperm
  47. Burger, Matthias (2011). "Structure and function of the female reproductive system in three species of goblin spiders (Arachnida: Araneae: Oonopidae): Morphology of oonopid spider genitalia". Invertebrate Biology. 130 (2): 148–160. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2011.00227.x.
  48. Rezác M (August 2009). "The spider Harpactea sadistica: co-evolution of traumatic insemination and complex female genital morphology in spiders". Proc. Biol. Sci. 276 (1668): 2697–701. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0104. PMC 2839943. PMID 19403531.
  49. Knoflach, B. & van Harten, A. (2001). "Tidarren argo sp. nov (Araneae: Theridiidae) and its exceptional copulatory behaviour: emasculation, male palpal organ as a mating plug and sexual cannibalism". Journal of Zoology. 254 (4): 449–59. Bibcode:2001JZoo..254..449K. doi:10.1017/S0952836901000954.
  50. Andrade, Maydianne C.B. (2003). "Risky mate search and male self-sacrifice in redback spiders". Behavioral Ecology. 14 (4): 531–38. doi:10.1093/beheco/arg015. hdl:1807/1012.
  51. Foelix, Rainer F. (1996). "Reproduction". Biology of Spiders (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press US. pp. 176–212. ISBN 978-0-19-509594-4.
  52. Dong, Bing; Quan, Rui-Chang; Chen, Zhan-Qi (18 July 2019). "Prolonged milk provisioning and extended maternal care in the milking spider Toxeus magnus: biological implications and questions unresolved". Zoological Research. 40 (4): 241–243. doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.041. PMC 6680124. PMID 31161756.
  53. Foelix, Rainer F. (1996). Biology of Spiders. Oxford University Press. pp. 232–33. ISBN 978-0-674-07431-6.
  54. "World's oldest known spider dies at 43 after a quiet life underground". The Guardian. 30 April 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  55. Levi, Herbert W. and Levi, Lorna R. (2001) Spiders and their Kin, Golden Press, pp. 20, 44. ISBN 1582381569
  56. Oxford, G.S.; Gillespie, R.G. (1998). "Evolution and Ecology of Spider Coloration". Annual Review of Entomology. 43: 619–43. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.619. PMID 15012400. S2CID 6963733.
  57. Gillespie, Rosemary G. (1989). "Diet-Induced Color Change in the Hawaiian Happy-Face Spider Theridion grallator, (Araneae, Theridiidae)". The Journal of Arachnology. 17 (2): 171–77. ISSN 0161-8202. JSTOR 3705625.
  58. Defrize, J.; Thery, M.; Casas, J. (1 May 2010). "Background colour matching by a crab spider in the field: a community sensory ecology perspective". Journal of Experimental Biology. 213 (9): 1425–35. Bibcode:2010JExpB.213.1425D. doi:10.1242/jeb.039743. ISSN 0022-0949. PMID 20400626. S2CID 26035671.
  59. Meehan, C.J.; Olson, E.J.; Curry, R.L. (21 August 2008). Exploitation of the Pseudomyrmex–Acacia mutualism by a predominantly vegetarian jumping spider (Bagheera kiplingi). 93rd ESA Annual Meeting. Retrieved 10 October 2008.
  60. Jackson, R.R.; Pollard, Simon D.; Nelson, Ximena J.; Edwards, G.B.; Barrion, Alberto T. (2001). "Jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) that feed on nectar" (PDF). J. Zool. Lond. 255 (1): 25–29. Bibcode:2001JZoo..255...25J. doi:10.1017/S095283690100108X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
  61. Nyffeler, Martin; Machado, Glauco; Hartmann, Arik; Keiser, Carl N. (14 March 2023). "Fungus and fruit consumption by harvestmen and spiders (Opiliones, Araneae): the vegetarian side of two predominantly predaceous arachnid groups". The Journal of Arachnology. 51 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1636/JoA-S-22-015. ISSN 0161-8202.
  62. Nyffeler, Martin; Olson, Eric J.; Symondson, William O.C. (April 2016). "Plant-eating by spiders". Journal of Arachnology. 44 (1): 15–27. doi:10.1636/P15-45.1. ISSN 0161-8202.
  63. Schütz, D. & Taborsky, M. (2003). "Adaptations to an aquatic life may be responsible for the reversed sexual size dimorphism in the water spider, Argyroneta aquatica" (PDF). Evolutionary Ecology Research. 5 (1): 105–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2008.
  64. Coddington, J. & Sobrevila, C. (1987). "Web manipulation and two stereotyped attack behaviors in the ogre-faced spider Deinopis spinosus Marx (Araneae, Deinopidae)" (PDF). Journal of Arachnology. 15: 213–25. Retrieved 11 October 2008.
  65. Eberhard, W.G. (1977). "Aggressive Chemical Mimicry by a Bolas Spider" (PDF). Science. 198 (4322): 1173–75. Bibcode:1977Sci...198.1173E. doi:10.1126/science.198.4322.1173. PMID 17818935. S2CID 35215325. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  66. Eberhard, W.G. (1980). "The Natural History and Behavior of the Bolas Spider, Mastophora dizzydeani sp. n. (Araneae)". Psyche: A Journal of Entomology. 87 (3–4): 143–70. doi:10.1155/1980/81062.
  67. Yeargan, K.V. & Quate, L.W. (1997). "Adult male bolas spiders retain juvenile hunting tactics". Oecologia. 112 (4): 572–76. Bibcode:1997Oecol.112..572Y. doi:10.1007/s004420050347. PMID 28307636. S2CID 424262.
  68. Wilcox, S. & Jackson, R. (2002). "Jumping Spider Tricksters" (PDF). In Bekoff, M.; Allen, C. & Burghardt, G.M. (eds.). The Cognitive Animal: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives on Animal Cognition. MIT Press. pp. 27–34. ISBN 978-0-262-52322-6. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
  69. McIver, J.D. & Stonedahl, G. (1993). "Myrmecomorphy: Morphological and Behavioral Mimicry of Ants". Annual Review of Entomology. 38 (1): 351–77. Bibcode:1993AREnt..38..351M. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.38.010193.002031.
  70. "Different smiles, single species". University of California Museum of Paleontology. Retrieved 10 October 2008.
  71. Cooke, J.A.L.; Roth, V.D.; Miller, F.H. (1972). "The urticating hairs of theraphosid spiders". American Museum Novitates (2498). hdl:2246/2705.
  72. Blackledge, T.A. & Wenzel, J.W. (2001). "Silk Mediated Defense by an Orb Web Spider against Predatory Mud-dauber Wasps". Behaviour. 138 (2): 155–71. Bibcode:2001Behav.138..155B. doi:10.1163/15685390151074357.
  73. Armstrong, S. (14 July 1990). "Fog, wind and heat – life in the Namib desert". New Scientist.
  74. Vollrath, F. (1986). "Eusociality and extraordinary sex ratios in the spider Anelosimus eximius (Araneae: Theridiidae)". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 18 (4): 283–87. Bibcode:1986BEcoS..18..283V. doi:10.1007/BF00300005. S2CID 44727810.
  75. Agnarsson, I. & Kuntner, M. (2005). "Madagascar: an unexpected hotspot of social Anelosimus spider diversity (Araneae: Theridiidae)". Systematic Entomology. 30 (4): 575–92. Bibcode:2005SysEn..30..575A. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2005.00289.x. S2CID 13871079.
  76. Avilés, L.; Maddison, W.P.; Agnarsson, I. (2006). "A New Independently Derived Social Spider with Explosive Colony Proliferation and a Female Size Dimorphism". Biotropica. 38 (6): 743–53. Bibcode:2006Biotr..38..743A. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00202.x. S2CID 54023263.
  77. Matsumoto, T. (1998). "Cooperative prey capture in the communal web spider, Philoponella raffray (Araneae, Uloboridae)" (PDF). Journal of Arachnology. 26: 392–96.
  78. Cangialosi, K.R. (1990). "Social spider defense against kleptoparasitism". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 27 (1): 49. Bibcode:1990BEcoS..27...49C. doi:10.1007/BF00183313. S2CID 38307165.
  79. Bertani, R.; Fukushima, C. S.; Martins, R. (2008). "Sociable widow spiders? Evidence of subsociality in LatrodectusWalckenaer, 1805 (Araneae, Theridiidae)". Journal of Ethology. 26 (2): 299–302. doi:10.1007/s10164-007-0082-8. S2CID 36475912.
  80. Fischer, Andreas; Lee, Yerin; Dong, T'ea; Gries, Gerhard (2021). "Know your foe: synanthropic spiders are deterred by semiochemicals of European fire ants". Royal Society Open Science. 8 (5) 210279. Bibcode:2021RSOS....810279F. doi:10.1098/rsos.210279. PMC 8131949. PMID 34017604.
  81. Eberhard, W.G. (1990). "Function and Phylogeny of Spider Webs" (PDF). Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 21 (1): 341–72. Bibcode:1990AnRES..21..341E. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.21.110190.002013.
  82. Agnarsson, I. (2004). "Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 141 (4): 447–626. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00120.x.
  83. Herberstein, M.E. (2000). "Foraging behaviour in orb-web spiders (Araneidae): Do web decorations increase prey capture success in Argiope keyserlingi Karsch, 1878?". Australian Journal of Zoology. 48 (2): 217–23. Bibcode:2000AuJZ...48..217H. doi:10.1071/ZO00007.
  84. Li, D. & Lee, W.S. (2004). "Predator-induced plasticity in web-building behaviour". Animal Behaviour. 67 (2): 309–18. Bibcode:2004AnBeh..67..309L. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.06.011. S2CID 53166407.
  85. Pasquet, Alain; Ridwan, Ahmad; Leborgne, Raymond (February 1994). "Presence of potential prey affects web-building in an orb-weaving spider Zygiella x-notata". Animal Behaviour. 47 (2): 477–480. Bibcode:1994AnBeh..47..477P. doi:10.1006/anbe.1994.1066.
  86. Thomson, Peggy & Park, Edwards. "Odd Tales from the Smithsonian". Retrieved 21 July 2008.
  87. Schütt, K. (1995). "Drapetisca socialis (Araneae: Linyphiidae): Web reduction – ethological and morphological adaptations" (PDF). European Journal of Entomology. 92: 553–63.
  88. Zschokke, Samuel; Countryman, Stefanie; Cushing, Paula E. (2021). "Spiders in space—orb-web-related behaviour in zero gravity". The Science of Nature. 108 (1): 1. Bibcode:2021SciNa.108....1Z. doi:10.1007/s00114-020-01708-8. PMC 7716925. PMID 33270151.
  89. Dvorsky, George (10 December 2020). "Space Station Spiders Found a Hack to Build Webs Without Gravity". Gizmodo.
  90. Selden, P.A.; Anderson, H.M.; Anderson, J.M. (2009). "A review of the fossil record of spiders (Araneae) with special reference to Africa, and description of a new specimen from the Triassic Molteno Formation of South Africa". African Invertebrates. 50 (1): 105–16. Bibcode:2009AfrIn..50..105S. doi:10.5733/afin.050.0103. hdl:1808/17085. Abstract Archived 2011-08-10 at the Wayback Machine PDF
  91. Dunlop, Jason A.; David Penney; O. Erik Tetlie; Lyall I. Anderson (2008). "How many species of fossil arachnids are there?". The Journal of Arachnology. 36 (2): 267–72. doi:10.1636/CH07-89.1. S2CID 42371883.
  92. Penney, D. & Selden, P.A. (2007). "Spinning with the dinosaurs: the fossil record of spiders". Geology Today. 23 (6): 231–37. Bibcode:2007GeolT..23..231P. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2451.2007.00641.x. S2CID 130267137.
  93. Hecht, H. "Oldest spider web found in amber". New Scientist. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
  94. Dunlop, J.A. (1996). "A trigonotarbid arachnid from the Upper Silurian of Shropshire" (PDF). Palaeontology. 39 (3): 605–14. Archived from the original on 16 December 2008. The fossil was originally named Eotarbus but was renamed when it was realized that a Carboniferous arachnid had already been named Eotarbus: Dunlop, J.A. (1999). "A replacement name for the trigonotarbid arachnid Eotarbus Dunlop". Palaeontology. 42 (1): 191. Bibcode:1999Palgy..42..191D. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00068. S2CID 83825904.
  95. G W Krantz and D E Walter (2009). A Manual of Acarology. Texas Tech University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-89672-620-8.
  96. Vollrath, F. & Selden, P.A. (2007). "The Role of Behavior in the Evolution of Spiders, Silks, and Webs" (PDF). Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 38 (1): 819–46. Bibcode:2007AREES..38..819V. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110221.
  97. Selden, P.A.; ChungKun Shih; Dong Ren (2011). "A golden orb-weaver spider(Araneae: Nephilidae: Nephila) from the Middle Jurassic of China". Biology Letters. 7 (5): 775–78. Bibcode:2011BiLet...7..775S. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2011.0228. PMC 3169061. PMID 21508021.
  98. Selden, Paul A.; Shih, ChungKun; Ren, Dong (2013). "A giant spider from the Jurassic of China reveals greater diversity of the orbicularian stem group". Die Naturwissenschaften. 100 (12): 1171–1181. Bibcode:2013NW....100.1171S. doi:10.1007/s00114-013-1121-7. ISSN 0028-1042. PMC 3889289. PMID 24317464.
  99. Selden, P.A. (1996). "Fossil mesothele spiders". Nature. 379 (6565): 498–99. Bibcode:1996Natur.379..498S. doi:10.1038/379498b0. S2CID 26323977.
  100. Lozano-Fernandez, Jesus; Tanner, Alastair R.; Puttick, Mark N.; Vinther, Jakob; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Pisani, Davide (11 March 2020). "A Cambrian–Ordovician Terrestrialization of Arachnids". Frontiers in Genetics. 11 182. doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.00182. PMC 7078165. PMID 32218802.
  101. Shultz, J.W. (2007). "A phylogenetic analysis of the arachnid orders based on morphological characters". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 150 (2): 221–65. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00284.x.
  102. Howard, Richard J.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Legg, David A.; Pisani, Davide; Lozano-Fernandez, Jesus (2019). "Exploring the evolution and terrestrialization of scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) with rocks and clocks". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 19 (1): 71–86. Bibcode:2019ODivE..19...71H. doi:10.1007/s13127-019-00390-7. hdl:10261/217081. ISSN 1439-6092.
  103. Scholtz, Gerhard; Kamenz, Carsten (2006). "The book lungs of Scorpiones and Tetrapulmonata (Chelicerata, Arachnida): evidence for homology and a single terrestrialisation event of a common arachnid ancestor". Zoology. 109 (1): 2–13. Bibcode:2006Zool..109....2S. doi:10.1016/j.zool.2005.06.003. PMID 16386884.
  104. Gould, S.J. (1990). Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. Hutchinson Radius. pp. 102–06 [105]. Bibcode:1989wlbs.book.....G. ISBN 978-0-09-174271-3.
  105. Coddington, J.A. (2005). "Phylogeny and Classification of Spiders" (PDF). In Ubick, D.; Paquin, P.; Cushing, P.E.; Roth, V. (eds.). Spiders of North America: an identification manual. American Arachnological Society. pp. 18–24. ISBN 978-0-9771439-0-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 December 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008.
  106. Coddington, Jonathan A.; Levi, Herbert W. (1991). "Systematics and Evolution of Spiders (Araneae) STOR". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 22 (1): 565–92. Bibcode:1991AnRES..22..565C. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.22.110191.003025. ISSN 0066-4162. JSTOR 2097274.
  107. Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879). "ărānĕa". A Latin Dictionary. Perseus Digital Library.
  108. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). "ἀράχνη". A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus Digital Library.
  109. Leroy, J & Leroy, A. (2003). "How spiders function". Spiders of Southern Africa. Struik. pp. 15–21. ISBN 978-1-86872-944-9.
  110. Ono, H. (2002). "New and Remarkable Spiders of the Families Liphistiidae, Argyronetidae, Pisauridae, Theridiidae and Araneidae (Arachnida) from Japan". Bulletin of the National Science Museum (Of Japan), Series A. 28 (1): 51–60.
  111. Coyle, F.A. (1986). "The Role of Silk in Prey Capture". In Shear, W.A. (ed.). Spiders – webs, behavior, and evolution. Stanford University Press. pp. 272–73. ISBN 978-0-8047-1203-3.
  112. Forster, R.R. & Platnick, N.I. (1984). "A review of the archaeid spiders and their relatives, with notes on the limits of the superfamily Palpimanoidea (Arachnida, Araneae)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 178: 1–106. hdl:2246/991. Full text at "A review of the archaeid spiders and their relatives" (PDF). Retrieved 13 October 2008.
  113. Penney, D. & Selden, P.A. Deltshev, C. & Stoev, P. (eds.). "European Arachnology 2005" (PDF). Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. Supplement No. 1: 25–39. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2008. Assembling the Tree of Life – Phylogeny of Spiders: a review of the strictly fossil spider families
  114. Schultz, Stanley; Schultz, Marguerite (2009). The Tarantula Keeper's Guide. Hauppauge, New York: Barron's. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-7641-3885-0.
  115. Schultz, Stanley; Schultz, Margeurite (2009). The Tarantula Keeper's Guide. Hauppauge, New York: Barron's. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-7641-3885-0.
  116. "Natural history of Mygalomorphae". Agricultural Research Council of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 26 December 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2008.
  117. Foelix, Rainer F. (2011). Biology of Spiders (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 4–5. ISBN 978-0-19-973482-5.
  118. Mammola, Stefano; Malumbres-Olarte, Jagoba; Arabesky, Valeria; Barrales-Alcalá, Diego Alejandro; Barrion-Dupo, Aimee Lynn; Benamú, Marco Antonio; Bird, Tharina L.; Bogomolova, Maria; Cardoso, Pedro; Chatzaki, Maria; Cheng, Ren-Chung; Chu, Tien-Ai; Classen-Rodríguez, Leticia M.; Čupić, Iva; Dhiya'ulhaq, Naufal Urfi (August 2022). "The global spread of misinformation on spiders". Current Biology. 32 (16): R871–R873. Bibcode:2022CBio...32.R871M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.026. hdl:10400.3/6470. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 35998593. S2CID 251727654.
  119. Vetter, Richard S.; Isbister, Geoffrey K. (2008). "Medical Aspects of Spider Bites". Annual Review of Entomology. 53 (1): 409–29. Bibcode:2008AREnt..53..409V. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093503. PMID 17877450.
  120. "Spiders". Illinois Department of Public Health. Retrieved 11 October 2008.
  121. Vetter RS, Barger DK (2002). "An infestation of 2,055 brown recluse spiders (Araneae: Sicariidae) and no envenomations in a Kansas home: implications for bite diagnoses in nonendemic areas". Journal of Medical Entomology. 39 (6): 948–51. doi:10.1603/0022-2585-39.6.948. PMID 12495200.
  122. Hannum, C. & Miller, D.M. "Widow Spiders". Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on 18 October 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2008.
  123. "Funnel web spiders". Australian Venom Research Unit. Retrieved 11 October 2008.
  124. "Pub chef bitten by deadly spider". BBC. 27 April 2005. Retrieved 11 October 2008.
  125. Diaz, J.H. (1 August 2004). "The Global Epidemiology, Syndromic Classification, Management, and Prevention of Spider Bites". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 71 (2): 239–50. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2004.71.2.0700239. PMID 15306718.
  126. Williamson, J.A.; Fenner, P.J.; Burnett, J.W.; Rifkin, J. (1996). Venomous and Poisonous Marine Animals: A Medical and Biological Handbook. UNSW Press. pp. 65–68. ISBN 978-0-86840-279-6.
  127. Nishioka, S. de A. (2001). "Misdiagnosis of brown recluse spider bite". Western Journal of Medicine. 174 (4): 240. doi:10.1136/ewjm.174.4.240. PMC 1071344. PMID 11290673.
  128. Isbister, G.K. (2001). "Spider mythology across the world". Western Journal of Medicine. 175 (4): 86–87. doi:10.1136/ewjm.175.2.86. PMC 1071491. PMID 11483545.
  129. Stuber, Marielle & Nentwig, Wolfgang (2016). "How informative are case studies of spider bites in the medical literature?". Toxicon. 114: 40–44. Bibcode:2016Txcn..114...40S. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.02.023. PMID 26923161.
  130. Hinman, M.B.; Jones J.A.; Lewis, R. W. (2000). "Synthetic spider silk: a modular fiber" (PDF). Trends in Biotechnology. 18 (9): 374–79. doi:10.1016/S0167-7799(00)01481-5. PMID 10942961. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2008. Retrieved 19 October 2008.
  131. Menassa, R.; Zhu, H.; Karatzas, C.N.; Lazaris, A.; Richman, A.; Brandle, J. (2004). "Spider dragline silk proteins in transgenic tobacco leaves: accumulation and field production". Plant Biotechnology Journal. 2 (5): 431–38. Bibcode:2004PBioJ...2..431M. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2004.00087.x. PMID 17168889.
  132. "A Common Phobia". phobias-help.com. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2009. There are many common phobias, but surprisingly, the most common phobia is arachnophobia.
  133. Fritscher, Lisa (3 June 2009). "Spider Fears or Arachnophobia". Phobias. About.com. Archived from the original on 19 June 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2009. Arachnophobia, or fear of spiders, is one of the most common specific phobias.
  134. "The 10 Most Common Phobias – Did You Know?". 10 Most Common Phobias. Archived from the original on 3 September 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2009. Probably the most recognized of the 10 most common phobias, arachnophobia is the fear of spiders. The statistics clearly show that more than 50% of women and 10% of men show signs of this leader on the 10 most common phobias list.
  135. Friedenberg, J. & Silverman, G. (2005). Cognitive Science: An Introduction to the Study of Mind. Sage. pp. 244–45. ISBN 978-1-4129-2568-6.
  136. Davey, G.C.L. (1994). "The "Disgusting" Spider: The Role of Disease and Illness in the Perpetuation of Fear of Spiders". Society and Animals. 2 (1): 17–25. doi:10.1163/156853094X00045.
  137. Costa-Neto, E.M.; Grabowski, N.T. (27 November 2020). "Edible arachnids and myriapods worldwide – updated list, nutritional profile and food hygiene implications". Journal of Insects as Food and Feed. 7 (3): 261–279. doi:10.3920/JIFF2020.0046.
  138. Ray, N. (2002). Lonely Planet Cambodia. Lonely Planet Publications. p. 308. ISBN 978-1-74059-111-9.
  139. Weil, C. (2006). Fierce Food. Plume. ISBN 978-0-452-28700-6.
  140. De Vos, Gail (1996). Tales, Rumors, and Gossip: Exploring Contemporary Folk Literature in Grades 7–12. Libraries Unlimited. p. 186. ISBN 978-1-56308-190-3.
  141. Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992). Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary. London, England: The British Museum Press. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-7141-1705-8.
  142. Jacobsen, Thorkild (1987). The Harps that Once: Sumerian Poetry in Translation. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-300-07278-5.
  143. Norton, Elizabeth (2013). Aspects of Ecphrastic Technique in Ovid's Metamorphoses. Newcastle upon Tyne, England: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 166. ISBN 978-1-4438-4271-6.
  144. Harries, Byron (1990). "The spinner and the poet: Arachne in Ovid's Metamorphoses". The Cambridge Classical Journal. 36: 64–82. doi:10.1017/S006867350000523X.
  145. Leach, Eleanor Winsor (January 1974). "Ekphrasis and the Theme of Artistic Failure in Ovid's Metamorphoses". Ramus. 3 (2): 102–142. doi:10.1017/S0048671X00004549.
  146. Wright, M. Rosemary. "A Dictionary of Classical Mythology: Summary of Transformations". mythandreligion.upatras.gr. University of Patras. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  147. Haase, Donald (2008). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Folktales and Fairy Tales. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-313-33441-2.
  148. Garai, Jana (1973). The Book of Symbols. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-21773-0.
  149. De Laguna, Frederica (2002). American Anthropology: Papers from the American Anthropologist. University of Nebraska Press. p. 455. ISBN 978-0-8032-8280-3.
  150. Benson, Elizabeth. The Mochica: A Culture of Peru. New York: Praeger Press. 1972.
  151. Berrin, Katherine & Larco Museum. The Spirit of Ancient Peru: Treasures from the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1997.

ArachneMyth · References

  1. Usually, Poseidon was said to have taken the form of Enipeus to trick Tyro (who also had twins), not Iphimedeia.
  2. R. S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Brill, 2009, p. 124.
  3. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 6. 8
  4. Pliny the Elder. Naturalis Historia, Book 7.56.3; According to Justin, B. ii. c. 6, the Athenians introduced the use of wool among their countrymen; but it has been supposed that they learned it from the Egyptians. As we have sufficient evidence that the Egyptians manufactured linen at a very early period, we may presume that this account of Arachne either is fabulous or that, in some way or other, she was instrumental in the introduction of linen into Greece.
  5. Pepin 2008, pp. 49, 135.
  6. Kline, A.S. "Ovid—the Metamorphoses" (PDF). Tikaboo. A.S. kline. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  7. Roman, L., & Roman, M. (2010). Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman mythology., p. 78, at Google Books
  8. Ovid, Metamorphoses 6.70-102
  9. Ovid, Metamorphoses 6.103-128
  10. Oakley, John (August 31, 2014). Athenian Potters and Painters. Vol. III. United States: Oxbow Books. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-78297-663-9.
  11. Unknown. Aryballos with a representation of the myth about the battle between Arachne and Athena (Clay). Corinth, Greece: Archaeological Museum of Ancient Corinth. Archived from the original on 2023-10-04. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  12. "Αρχαιολογικά Ανάλεκτα εξ Αθηνών" [Archaeological Analects from Athens]. Athens Annals of Archaeology (in Greek). 3–4. General Directorate of Antiquities and Restoration: 95. 1971.
  13. Virgil, Georgics 4.246 ff
  14. Lucian (1967). Soloecista. Lucius or The Ass. Amores. Halcyon. Demosthenes. Podagra. Ocypus. Cyniscus. Philopatris. Charidemus. Nero. Loeb Classical Library 432. Translated by M. D. MacLeod. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 318-319.
  15. Pliny the Elder, Natural History 7.196
  16. Salzman-Mitchell, Patricia B. (2005). A Web of Fantasies: Gaze, Image, and Gender in Ovid's Metamorphoses. Ohio State University Press. p. 228. ISBN 0-8142-0999-8.
  17. Aelian, Historical Miscellany 2
  18. Aelian, Characteristics of Animals 6.56
  19. Written c. 1590 and published in Complaints, 1591. Spenser's allusion to Arachne in The Faerie Queene, ii, xii.77, is also noted in Smith, Reed (1913). "The Metamorphoses in Muiopotmos". Modern Language Notes. 28 (3): 82–85. doi:10.2307/2916008. JSTOR 2916008.
  20. Brinkley, Robert A. (1981). "Spenser's Muiopotmos and the Politics of Metamorphosis". ELH. 48 (4): 668–676. doi:10.2307/2872956. JSTOR 2872956.
  21. Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy, Volume 1: Inferno. Canto XVII, lines 15-18 (pp. 223-224). Translated by Mark Musa.
  22. "La légende d'Arachné" (in French). Retrieved 20 February 2013.
  23. Gallagher, David (October 2008). "The Transmission of Ovid's Arachne Metamorphosis in Jeremias Gotthelf's Die Schwarze Spinne". Neophilologus. 92 (4): 699–711. doi:10.1007/s11061-007-9071-y. S2CID 162479504.
  24. Gotthelf, Jeremias (2013). The Black Spider. Susan Bernofsky. New York: New York Review Books. ISBN 978-1-59017-668-9.

Crawl your own text

Paste anything: notes, a poem, an essay, a list of links. Web addresses become links the spider can catch with silk. Your text stays in this browser and is never sent anywhere.